Kwa odwala omwe ali ndi vuto la impso (esrd), hemodialysis ndi njira yotetezeka komanso yothandiza. Pa mankhwalawa, magazi ndi dianeyate amalumikizana ndi sealyzer (impso (impso) kudzera mu nembanemba-semi-zotsekemera, kulola kusinthana kwa zinthu zomwe zimayendetsedwa ndi zinthu zina. Makina a hemodialysis amatenga gawo labwino pakuyeretsa magazi pochotsa zinyalala za metabolic ndipo ma electolyte owonjezera pomwe akuwonetsa calcium ma ekssate m'magazi. Munkhaniyi, tiona maziko a hemodialysis ndi kuwongolera momwe mungasankhire chipangizo chapamwamba kwambiri kuti mupange chithandizo kukhala bwino.

 

Kumvetsetsa makina a hemodialysis

Makina a hemodialysis nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi machitidwe awiri: Njira yowunikira magazi ndi dongosolo la dialyshate. Dongosolo lamagazi ndi udindo wowongolera magazi a extractorporeyal ndipo makina a dialysate amakonzekera yankho loyenerera mwa kusakanikirana ndi madzi amadzi ndikusintha njira ya dialyzer. Mu hemodialzerzerzer, diaysate amalankhula molondola, kulowa, ndi ultraftion ndi magazi a wodwalayo kudzera mu nembanemba ya pemi, ndipo magazi oyeretsa adzabwezeretsanso madzi. Njira yoyendetsa njinga yopitilira muyeso imayeretsa magazi.

Nthawi zambiri, makina owunikira magazi amaphatikizanso mapapa amagazi, pompo mapa pampu, oyang'anira komanso venous wopanikizika, ndi njira yodziwira mpweya. Zigawo zazikuluzikulu za dongosolo la dialysis ndi njira yowongolera kutentha, kusakaniza dongosolo, ma demask, omwe amachititsa chidwi, kuwunika kwa magazi, ndi zina zotero.

Mitundu iwiri yoyambirira yamakina omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu hemodialysis ndi muyezohemodialysis (HD) makinandihemodiafting (hdf) makina. Makina a HDF pogwiritsa ntchitoMa dialyzer apamwamba kwambiriPerekani njira zapamwamba kwambiri - kusokonekera ndi kumangiriza kuti muchotse ma mamolekyulu akulu ndi zinthu zoopsa ndikubwezeretsanso ma iyoni ofunikira polowetsa ntchito.

Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti ma membrane apamwamba a dialy ayenera kuonedwa kuti ali ndi vuto la wodwalayo, kuphatikizapo kuchepa, zaka, komanso mwayi wofikira posankha ma diapraz. Nthawi zonse funsani lingaliro la dokotala kuti mudziwedialyzer yoyenera.

 

Kusankha makina oyenera a hemodialysis

Chitetezo ndi kulondola ndizofunikira kwambiri. Nawa mfundo zazikulu zofunika kuziganizira:

1. Mawonekedwe otetezeka

Makina oyenerera a hemodialysis ayenera kukhala ndi zowongolera chitetezo komanso ma alamu. Makina awa ayenera kukhala owoneka bwino kuti adziwe mikhalidwe iliyonse yachilendo ndikupereka chenjezo olondola kwa ogwiritsa ntchito.

Kuwunikira zenizeni ndi kuwunikira kosalekeza kwa maluso othamanga komanso othamanga, mitengo yoyenda, ndi magawo ena ofunikira panthawi ya dialysis. Ma Alarms Alpor amapereka nkhani monga mpweya m'magazi adapitilira kuthamanga kwa magazi, kapena mipweya yolakwika ya ultraffy.

 2. Kulondola kwa magwiridwe antchito

Kulondola kwa makinawo kumakhudza momwe mankhwalawa amathandizira ndipo nthawi zambiri amaphunzitsidwa ndi mbali zotsatirazi:

Kuchuluka kwa ultraftion: Makinawo ayenera kuwongolera molondola madzimadzi amachotsedwa kwa wodwalayo.

Kuwunikirana kwaulendo: Kuwonetsetsa kuti diaysate ili pazinthu zolondola za electrolyte.

Kuwongolera kutentha: Makinawo akuyenera kukhalabe ndi dialysate kutentha komanso kutentha.

 3..

Makina othandiza ogwiritsa ntchito amatha kukulitsa zomwe odwala ndi ogwiritsa ntchito. Yang'anani makina ndi zowongolera zomwe zikuwoneka bwino zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kuwunika mankhwala.

4. Kusamalira ndi thandizo

Ganizirani luso la chithandizo chaukadaulo ndi ntchito zokonza pamakina opanga makina. Kuthandizira kodalirika kumatha kuwonetsetsa kuti mavuto aliwonse amayankhidwa mwachangu, kuchepetsa kusokonezeka kwa chithandizo.

 5. Kugwirizana ndi miyezo

Makina a hemodialysis amayenera kutsatira malamulo oyenera komanso oyenera mabungwe owongolera. Kutsatira kumeneku ndikofunikira kuti muwonetsetse chitetezo cha chitetezo komanso kulandira chithandizo chokwanira.

 

Makina ampikisano hemodialysis ndi wopanga

Ahemodialysis makina molingana w-t2008-bzopangidwa ndiChengdu WesileKuphatikiza zaka pafupifupi makumi atatu zamakampani ndi luso laukadaulo. Makinawo adapangidwa kuti agwiritse ntchito manyuchipatala ndipo walandila chiphaso cha CE Ili ndi mapampu awiri ndi gawo lolondola komanso lobwezeretsa madzi, kapangidwe kake kotsimikizira kulondola kwa ulvirffortion. Zigawo zazikuluzikulu za makinawo zimatumizidwa kuchokera ku Europe ndi US, monga mavesi solekoid kuwonetsetsa njira zotsegulira ndi kutseka, ndipo tchipisi ndi chipika chikutsimikizira kuwunikira kolondola ndi kusonkhanitsidwa.

 

Otsogola Kuteteza Chitetezo makhalidwe

Makinawo amatengera dongosolo lowunikira mpweya ndi kuteteza, zojambula zamadzimadzi ndi bubble, zomwe zimatha kupewa bwino mpweya m'magazi kuti alowetse thupi la wodwalayo kuti asiye ngozi za wodwala. Kuphatikiza apo, makinawo ali ndi mfundo ziwiri zowunikira kutentha ndi mfundo ziwiri zamakhalidwe, onetsetsani kuti diaysate imasungidwa munthawi yonseyi. Mphamvu yanzeru imapereka mayankho enieni pa zovuta zilizonse pama dialysis. The Acousto-opto-optic imachenjeza ogwiritsa ntchito mwachangu kuzovuta zilizonse, kukulitsa chitetezo choleza mtima komanso chithandizo chamankhwala.

Kutengera maziko a W-T2008-B, aW-T6008s hemodiafting makinaAmawonjezera kuthamanga kwa magazi, zosefera endotoxin, ndi bi-ngolo monga kukhazikika kwamphamvu. Imatha kusinthana mosavuta pakati pa mitundu ya HDF ndi HD panthawi yamankhwala. Ikani ndi diares-flux-fluxya-flux, yomwe imathandizira kuchotsa ma mamolekyulu akulu akulu kuchokera m'magazi, makinawo amawonjezera mphamvu yonseyo komanso kutonthoza mankhwalawa.