Momwe Mungasankhire Makina Apamwamba a Hemodialysis

Kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a aimpso omaliza (ESRD), hemodialysis ndi njira yochiritsira yotetezeka komanso yothandiza. Munthawi yamankhwala, magazi ndi dialysate amakumana ndi dialyzer (impso zopangira) kudzera pa nembanemba yocheperako, zomwe zimalola kusinthanitsa zinthu zomwe zimayendetsedwa ndi ma ndende. Makina a hemodialysis amatenga gawo lofunikira pakuyeretsa magazi pochotsa zinyalala zama metabolic ndi ma electrolyte ochulukirapo pomwe amatulutsa ayoni a calcium ndi bicarbonate kuchokera ku dialysate kulowa m'magazi. M'nkhaniyi, tiwona zofunikira zamakina a hemodialysis ndikuwongolera momwe tingasankhire chipangizo chapamwamba kwambiri kuti chithandizo chikhale chomasuka.

 

Kumvetsetsa Makina a Hemodialysis

 

Makina a hemodialysis nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi machitidwe akulu awiri: dongosolo loyang'anira magazi ndi njira yowunikiradongosolo la dialysate. Dongosolo la magazi ndi lomwe limayang'anira kufalikira kwa magazi a extracorporeal ndipo dongosolo la dialysate limakonzekeretsa yankho loyenerera la dialysis posakaniza molunjika.s ndi RO madzi ndikutumiza yankho ku dialyzer. Mu hemodialyzer, dialysate imapanga kufalikira kwa solute, kulowa, ndiultrafiltration ndi wodwala's kudzera mu nembanemba yotha kulowa mkati, ndipo panthawiyi, magazi oyeretsedwa amabwerera kwa wodwalayo's thupi ndi dongosolo magazi ndi dongosolo dialysate kukhetsa madzi zinyalala. Kupitilira apa njinga kumatsuka bwino magazi.

 

Nthawi zambiri, dongosolo loyang'anira magazi limaphatikizapo mpope wamagazi, pampu ya heparin, kuwunika kwapakati ndi venous, komanso makina ozindikira mpweya. Zigawo zazikulu za njira yoperekera dialysis ndi njira yoyendetsera kutentha, makina osakaniza, degas system, conductivity monitoring system, ultrafiltration monitoring, kutulutsa magazi, ndi zina zotero.

 

Mitundu iwiri yayikulu yamakina omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa hemodialysis ndi makina okhazikika a hemodialysis (HD) ndi makina a hemodiafiltration (HDF).HDF makina pogwiritsa ntchito zida zoyatsira zothamanga kwambiri zimapereka njira yotsogola kwambiri yosefera--kufalitsa ndi kusuntha kuti apititse patsogolo kuchotsedwa kwa mamolekyu akuluakulu ndi zinthu zapoizoni ndikuwonjezeranso ma ayoni ofunikira polowa m'malo.

 

Ndikoyenera kudziwa kuti gawo la membrane pamwamba pa dialyzer liyenera kuganiziridwa mwa wodwalayo's yeniyeni mkhalidwe, kuphatikizapo kulemera, zaka, chikhalidwe cha mtima, ndi mtima kupeza mtima posankha dialyzers. Nthawi zonse funsani dokotala's malingaliro akatswiri kuti adziwe dialyzer yoyenera.

 

Kusankha Makina Oyenera a Hemodialysis

 

Chitetezo ndi kulondola ndizofunikira kwambiri. Nazi zina zofunika kuziganizira:

 

1. Chitetezo Mbali

Makina oyenerera a hemodialysis ayenera kukhala ndi kuyang'anira chitetezo champhamvu komanso ma alarm. Makinawa ayenera kukhala atcheru mokwanira kuti azindikire zovuta zilizonse ndikupereka zidziwitso zolondola kwa ogwira ntchito.

 

Kuwunika kwenikweni ndikuwunika kosalekeza kwa kuthamanga kwa mitsempha ndi venous, kuthamanga kwa magazi, ndi zina zofunika pa dialysis. Zidziwitso zamakina a ma alamu pazovuta monga mpweya wamagazi opitilira kuthamanga kwa magazi, kapena kuchuluka kolakwika kwa ultrafiltration.

 

1. Kulondola kwa magwiridwe antchito

Kulondola kwa makina kumakhudza mphamvu ya chithandizo ndipo nthawi zambiri amawunikidwa ndi izi:

 

Ultrafiltration mlingo: makina ayenera kulamulira molondola madzimadzi ochotsedwa kwa wodwalayo.

Kuwunika kwa conductivity: kuonetsetsa kuti dialysate ili pamlingo woyenera wa electrolyte.

Kuwongolera kutentha: makina ayenera kusunga dialysate pamalo otetezeka komanso omasuka.

 

3. Chiyankhulo Chosavuta Kwambiri

Mawonekedwe osavuta kugwiritsa ntchito amatha kupititsa patsogolo chidziwitso kwa odwala komanso ogwira ntchito. Yang'anani makina okhala ndi zowongolera mwachilengedwe komanso zowonekera bwino zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kuyang'anira magawo a chithandizo.

 

4. Kusamalira ndi Thandizo

Ganizirani za kuchuluka kwa chithandizo chaukadaulo ndi ntchito zosamalira makina osankhidwa wopanga. Thandizo lodalirika lingathe kuonetsetsa kuti nkhani zilizonse zikuyankhidwa mwamsanga, kuchepetsa kusokonezeka kwa chithandizo.

 

5. Kutsata Miyezo

Makina a hemodialysis ayenera kutsatira malamulo oyenera achitetezo ndi abwino omwe amakhazikitsidwa ndi mabungwe owongolera. Kutsatira kumeneku ndikofunikira pakuwonetsetsa chitetezo cha odwala komanso chithandizo chamankhwala.

 

WopikisanaHemodialysisMachines ndi Manufacturer

 

Makina opangira hemodialysis W-T2008-B opangidwa ndi Chengdu Wesley amaphatikiza gululo.'Pafupifupi zaka makumi atatu zachidziwitso chamakampani ndi luso laukadaulo. Makinawa adapangidwa kuti azigwiritsidwa ntchito m'magawo azachipatala ndipo adalandira chiphaso cha CE, ndiukadaulo wapamwamba, kukhazikika, wodwala's chitetezo ndi chitonthozo, komanso kumasuka kwa ogwira ntchito zachipatala. Lili ndi mapampu awiri ndi chipinda cholondola choperekera-ndi-kubwerera-chamadzi-chamadzi, mapangidwe apadera owonetsetsa kulondola kwa ultrafiltration. Zigawo zazikulu zamakina zimatumizidwa kuchokera ku Europe ndi US, monga mavavu a solenoid omwe amawonetsetsa kuwongolera bwino kwa njira zotsegula ndi kutseka, komanso chitsimikizo cha tchipisi.ndi kuwunika kolondola ndi kusonkhanitsa deta.

 

Chitetezo chapamwamba chachitetezo

 

Makinawa amatengera ziwirikayendedwe ka mpweya ndi chitetezo, madzi mlingo ndi kuwira zowunikira, amene angathe kuletsa bwino mpweya m'magazi kulowa m'thupi la wodwalayo kuletsa mpweya embolism ngozi. Kuphatikiza apo, makinawa ali ndi magawo awiri owunikira kutentha ndi mfundo ziwiri za conductivity, kuwonetsetsa kuti dialysate ili yabwino. is kusungidwa panthawi yonse ya chithandizo. Dongosolo lanzeru la alamu limapereka ndemanga zenizeni zenizeni pazovuta zilizonse panthawi ya dialysis. Thealamu acousto-optic imachenjeza ogwira ntchito kuti ayankhe mwachangu pazovuta zilizonse, kukulitsa chitetezo cha odwala komanso chithandizo chamankhwala.

 

Kutengera maziko a W-T2008-B, makina a W-T6008S hemodiafiltration amawonjezera chowunikira kuthamanga kwa magazi, zosefera za endotoxin, ndi Bi-Cart monga masinthidwe wamba. Itha kusintha mosavuta pakati pa mitundu ya HDF ndi HD panthawi yamankhwala. Ikani ndi ma dialyzer othamanga kwambiri, omwe amathandizira kuchotsedwa kwa mamolekyu akuluakulu m'magazi, makinawo amathandizira kuti chithandizocho chikhale champhamvu komanso chitonthozo.