Kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a impso otsiriza (ESRD), hemodialysis ndi njira yotetezeka komanso yothandiza yochiritsira. Pa nthawi ya chithandizo, magazi ndi dialysate zimakumana ndi dialyzer (impso yopangira) kudzera mu nembanemba yomwe imalowa pang'onopang'ono, zomwe zimathandiza kusinthana kwa zinthu zomwe zimayendetsedwa ndi kuchuluka kwa madzi m'thupi. Makina oyeretsera magazi amathandiza kwambiri pakuyeretsa magazi mwa kuchotsa zinyalala za kagayidwe kachakudya ndi ma electrolyte ochulukirapo pamene akulowetsa ma calcium ions ndi bicarbonate kuchokera ku dialysate kupita m'magazi. M'nkhaniyi, tifufuza mfundo zoyambira za makina oyeretsera magazi ndikutsogolera momwe tingasankhire chipangizo chapamwamba kuti chithandizo chikhale chosavuta.

 

Kumvetsetsa Makina Oyeretsera Hemodialysis

Makina oyeretsera magazi nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi njira ziwiri zazikulu: njira yowunikira magazi ndi njira yoperekera magazi. Dongosolo la magazi limayang'anira kuyendayenda kwa magazi kunja kwa thupi ndipo dongosolo la dialysate limakonza yankho loyenerera la dialysis mwa kusakaniza zinthu zosakanikirana ndi madzi a RO ndikusamutsa yankholo kupita ku dialyzer. Mu hemodialyzer, dialysate imachita kufalikira, kulowa, ndi kusefa magazi a wodwalayo kudzera mu nembanemba yomwe imalowa pang'onopang'ono, ndipo pakadali pano, magazi oyeretsera amabwerera m'thupi la wodwalayo kudzera mu dongosolo lowongolera magazi ndipo dongosolo la dialysate limatulutsa madzi otayira. Njira yopitilirayi yoyendera magazi imayeretsa bwino magazi.

Kawirikawiri, njira yowunikira magazi imaphatikizapo pompu ya magazi, pompu ya heparin, kuyang'anira kuthamanga kwa magazi m'mitsempha ndi m'mitsempha, komanso njira yodziwira mpweya. Zigawo zofunika kwambiri za njira yowunikira magazi ndi njira yowunikira kutentha, njira yosakaniza, njira yochotsera mpweya m'magazi, njira yowunikira kayendedwe ka magazi, kuyang'anira kufinyidwa kwa magazi m'thupi, kuzindikira kutuluka kwa magazi m'magazi, ndi zina zotero.

Mitundu iwiri yayikulu ya makina omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochotsa magazi m'thupi ndi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.makina oyeretsera magazi (HD)ndimakina oyeretsera magazi (HDF)Makina a HDF omwe amagwiritsa ntchitoma dialyzer amphamvu kwambiriimapereka njira yotsogola kwambiri yosefera -- kufalikira ndi kutsekereza kuti iwonjezere kuchotsa mamolekyu akuluakulu ndi zinthu zapoizoni ndikubwezeretsanso ma ayoni ofunikira mwa kusintha ntchito yopereka.

Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti dera la pamwamba pa nembanemba ya dialyzer liyenera kuganiziridwa pa mkhalidwe wa wodwalayo, kuphatikizapo kulemera kwake, zaka zake, vuto la mtima wake, komanso mwayi wofikira mitsempha yamagazi posankha dialyzer. Nthawi zonse funsani upangiri wa dokotala kuti mudziwe zomwe zingathandize.choyezera choyezera choyenerera.

 

Kusankha Makina Oyenera Oyeretsera Hemodialysis

Chitetezo ndi kulondola ndiye zinthu zofunika kwambiri. Nazi mfundo zofunika kuziganizira:

1. Zinthu Zotetezeka

Makina oyenerera oyeretsera magazi ayenera kukhala ndi makina owunikira chitetezo komanso ma alarm amphamvu. Makinawa ayenera kukhala osamala mokwanira kuti azindikire zinthu zilizonse zosazolowereka ndikupereka machenjezo olondola kwa ogwiritsa ntchito.

Kuwunika nthawi yeniyeni ndikuwunika kosalekeza kuthamanga kwa magazi ndi mitsempha, kuchuluka kwa magazi, ndi zina zofunika kwambiri panthawi ya dialysis. Machenjezo a makina ochenjeza za mavuto monga mpweya m'magazi kuposa kuthamanga kwa magazi, kapena kuchuluka kolakwika kwa kusefa magazi.

 2. Kulondola kwa magwiridwe antchito

Kulondola kwa makina kumakhudza momwe chithandizochi chimagwirira ntchito ndipo nthawi zambiri kumayesedwa ndi zinthu zotsatirazi:

Kuchuluka kwa kusefera kwa ultrafiltration: makina ayenera kuyang'anira molondola madzi omwe achotsedwa kwa wodwalayo.

Kuwunika kayendedwe ka madzi: kuonetsetsa kuti dialysate ili pamlingo woyenera wa electrolyte.

Kuwongolera kutentha: makina ayenera kusunga dialysate pamalo otetezeka komanso abwino.

 3. Chiyankhulo Chosavuta Kugwiritsa Ntchito

Mawonekedwe osavuta kugwiritsa ntchito angathandize kwambiri odwala ndi ogwira ntchito. Yang'anani makina okhala ndi zowongolera zomveka bwino komanso zowonetsera zomveka bwino zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kuyang'anira magawo a chithandizo.

4. Kukonza ndi Kuthandizira

Ganizirani mphamvu ya chithandizo chaukadaulo ndi ntchito zosamalira makina kwa wopanga makina wosankhidwa. Chithandizo chodalirika chingatsimikizire kuti mavuto aliwonse akonzedwa mwachangu, kuchepetsa kusokonezeka kwa chithandizo.

 5. Kutsatira Miyezo

Makina oyeretsera magazi ayenera kutsatira miyezo yoyenera ya chitetezo ndi khalidwe yomwe yakhazikitsidwa ndi mabungwe olamulira. Kutsatira kumeneku ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti wodwalayo akhale otetezeka komanso kuti alandire chithandizo choyenera.

 

Makina Oyesera Hemodialysis Opikisana ndi Wopanga

Thechitsanzo cha makina oyeretsera magazi W-T2008-Bzopangidwa ndiChengdu Wesleyimagwirizanitsa zaka pafupifupi makumi atatu zomwe gululi lakhala likugwira ntchito m'makampani komanso luso laukadaulo. Makinawa adapangidwa kuti azigwiritsidwa ntchito m'mayunitsi azachipatala ndipo alandila satifiketi ya CE, yokhala ndi ukadaulo wapamwamba, kukhazikika, chitetezo ndi chitonthozo cha wodwala, komanso kusavuta kugwiritsa ntchito kwa ogwira ntchito zachipatala. Ili ndi mapampu awiri ndi chipinda cholondola choperekera ndi kubweza madzi, kapangidwe kake kapadera kotsimikizira kulondola kwa ultrafiltration. Zigawo zofunika kwambiri za makinawa zimatumizidwa kuchokera ku Europe ndi US, monga ma solenoid valves omwe amatsimikizira kuwongolera kolondola kwa njira zotsegulira ndi kutseka, ndi ma chips omwe amatsimikizira kuwunika kolondola komanso kusonkhanitsa deta.

 

Zapamwamba chitetezo choteteza dongosolo

Makinawa amagwiritsa ntchito njira ziwiri zowunikira mpweya ndi kuteteza, zowunikira mulingo wamadzimadzi ndi zowunikira thovu, zomwe zimatha kuletsa mpweya m'magazi kulowa m'thupi la wodwalayo kuti aletse ngozi za embolism ya mpweya. Kuphatikiza apo, makinawa ali ndi malo awiri owunikira kutentha ndi malo awiri owongolera mpweya, kuonetsetsa kuti mtundu wa dialysate ukusungidwa nthawi yonse ya chithandizo. Dongosolo lanzeru la alamu limapereka ndemanga nthawi yeniyeni pazovuta zilizonse panthawi ya dialysis. Alamu ya acousto-optic imadziwitsa ogwira ntchito kuti ayankhe mwachangu pamavuto aliwonse, ndikuwonjezera chitetezo cha wodwalayo komanso kugwira ntchito bwino kwa chithandizo.

Kutengera maziko a W-T2008-B,Makina oyeretsera magazi a W-T6008SImawonjezera chowunikira kuthamanga kwa magazi, zosefera za endotoxin, ndi Bi-Cart ngati njira zokhazikika. Imatha kusintha mosavuta pakati pa HDF ndi HD modes panthawi ya chithandizo. Ikani ndi ma dialyzers okwera kwambiri, omwe amathandizira kuchotsa mamolekyu akuluakulu m'magazi, makinawo amawonjezera kugwira ntchito bwino komanso chitonthozo cha chithandizocho.