Kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a aimpso omaliza (ESRD), hemodialysis ndi njira yochiritsira yotetezeka komanso yothandiza. Munthawi yamankhwala, magazi ndi dialysate amakumana ndi dialyzer (impso zopangira) kudzera pa nembanemba yocheperako, zomwe zimalola kusinthanitsa zinthu zomwe zimayendetsedwa ndi ma ndende. Makina a hemodialysis amatenga gawo lofunikira pakuyeretsa magazi pochotsa zinyalala zama metabolic ndi ma electrolyte ochulukirapo pomwe amatulutsa ayoni a calcium ndi bicarbonate kuchokera ku dialysate kulowa m'magazi. M'nkhaniyi, tiwona zofunikira zamakina a hemodialysis ndikuwongolera momwe tingasankhire chipangizo chapamwamba kwambiri kuti chithandizo chikhale chomasuka.

 

Kumvetsetsa Makina a Hemodialysis

Makina a hemodialysis nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi machitidwe akuluakulu awiri: njira yowunikira magazi ndi njira yoperekera magazi. Dongosolo la magazi ndi lomwe limayang'anira kufalikira kwa magazi a extracorporeal ndipo dongosolo la dialysate limakonzekeretsa njira yoyenera ya dialysis posakaniza concentrates ndi RO madzi ndikutengera yankho ku dialyzer. Mu hemodialyzer, dialysate imachita kufalikira, kulowa mkati, ndi kusefera magazi a wodwalayo kudzera mu nembanemba yomwe imatha kulowa mkati, ndipo panthawiyi, magazi oyeretsedwa amabwerera m'thupi la wodwalayo ndi dongosolo lowongolera magazi ndipo dialysate system imakhetsa madzi otaya. . Kupitilira apa njinga kumatsuka bwino magazi.

Nthawi zambiri, dongosolo loyang'anira magazi limaphatikizapo mpope wamagazi, pampu ya heparin, kuwunika kwapakati ndi venous, komanso makina ozindikira mpweya. Zigawo zazikulu za njira yoperekera dialysis ndi njira yoyendetsera kutentha, makina osakaniza, degas system, conductivity monitoring system, ultrafiltration monitoring, kutulutsa magazi, ndi zina zotero.

Mitundu iwiri yayikulu yamakina omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu hemodialysis ndi muyezomakina a hemodialysis (HD).ndimakina a hemodiafiltration (HDF).. Makina ogwiritsira ntchito HDFma dialyzer okwera kwambiriperekani njira yapamwamba kwambiri yosefera--kufalikira ndi kusuntha kuti mupititse patsogolo kuchotsedwa kwa mamolekyu akuluakulu ndi zinthu zapoizoni ndikuwonjezeranso ma ayoni ofunikira polowa m'malo.

Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti gawo la nembanemba la dialyzer liyenera kuganiziridwa momwe wodwalayo alili, kuphatikiza kulemera, zaka, mtima, komanso kupezeka kwa mitsempha posankha zida za dialyzer. Nthawi zonse funsani malangizo a dokotala kuti mudziwedialyzer yoyenera.

 

Kusankha Makina Oyenera a Hemodialysis

Chitetezo ndi kulondola ndizofunikira kwambiri. Nazi zina zofunika kuziganizira:

1. Chitetezo Mbali

Makina oyenerera a hemodialysis ayenera kukhala ndi kuyang'anira chitetezo champhamvu komanso ma alarm. Makinawa ayenera kukhala atcheru mokwanira kuti azindikire zovuta zilizonse ndikupereka zidziwitso zolondola kwa ogwira ntchito.

Kuwunika kwenikweni ndikuwunika kosalekeza kwa kuthamanga kwa mitsempha ndi venous, kuthamanga kwa magazi, ndi zina zofunika pa dialysis. Zidziwitso zamakina a ma alamu pazovuta monga mpweya wamagazi opitilira kuthamanga kwa magazi, kapena kuchuluka kolakwika kwa ultrafiltration.

 2. Kulondola kwa ntchito

Kulondola kwa makina kumakhudza mphamvu ya chithandizo ndipo nthawi zambiri amawunikidwa ndi izi:

Ultrafiltration mlingo: makina ayenera kulamulira molondola madzimadzi ochotsedwa kwa wodwalayo.

Kuwunika kwa conductivity: kuonetsetsa kuti dialysate ili pamlingo woyenera wa electrolyte.

Kuwongolera kutentha: makina ayenera kusunga dialysate pamalo otetezeka komanso omasuka.

 3. Chiyankhulo Chosavuta Kwambiri

Mawonekedwe osavuta kugwiritsa ntchito amatha kupititsa patsogolo chidziwitso kwa odwala komanso ogwira ntchito. Yang'anani makina okhala ndi zowongolera mwachilengedwe komanso zowonekera bwino zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kuyang'anira magawo a chithandizo.

4. Kusamalira ndi Thandizo

Ganizirani za kuchuluka kwa chithandizo chaukadaulo ndi ntchito zokonza makina osankhidwa. Thandizo lodalirika lingathe kuonetsetsa kuti nkhani zilizonse zikuyankhidwa mwamsanga, kuchepetsa kusokonezeka kwa chithandizo.

 5. Kutsata Miyezo

Makina a hemodialysis ayenera kutsatira malamulo oyenera achitetezo ndi abwino omwe amakhazikitsidwa ndi mabungwe owongolera. Kutsatira kumeneku ndikofunikira pakuwonetsetsa chitetezo cha odwala komanso chithandizo chamankhwala.

 

Makina Opambana a Hemodialysis ndi Opanga

Thehemodialysis makina chitsanzo W-T2008-Bopangidwa ndiChengdu Wesleyamaphatikiza gulu lazaka pafupifupi makumi atatu lazokumana nazo zamakampani komanso luso laukadaulo. Makinawa adapangidwa kuti azigwiritsidwa ntchito m'mayunitsi azachipatala ndipo adalandira chiphaso cha CE, chokhala ndiukadaulo wapamwamba, kukhazikika, chitetezo cha odwala komanso chitonthozo, komanso kugwira ntchito mosavuta kwa ogwira ntchito zachipatala. Ili ndi mapampu awiri ndi chipinda cholondola choperekera-ndi-kubwerera-chamadzi-chamadzi, kapangidwe kake kamene kamatsimikizira kulondola kwa ultrafiltration. Zigawo zazikulu za makinawa zimatumizidwa kuchokera ku Ulaya ndi ku US, monga ma valve solenoid omwe amaonetsetsa kuti njira zotsegula ndi kutseka zikuyenda bwino, komanso tchipisi timatsimikizira kuwunika kolondola ndi kusonkhanitsa deta.

 

Zapamwamba chitetezo chitetezo dongosolo

Makinawa amatenga njira ziwiri zowunikira komanso chitetezo cha mpweya, kuchuluka kwamadzimadzi ndi zowunikira zowunikira, zomwe zimatha kuletsa mpweya wamagazi kulowa m'thupi la wodwalayo kuti aletse ngozi za embolism ya mpweya. Kuonjezera apo, makinawa ali ndi zigawo ziwiri zowunikira kutentha ndi mfundo ziwiri za conductivity, kuonetsetsa kuti dialysate imasungidwa nthawi yonse ya chithandizo. Dongosolo lanzeru la alamu limapereka ndemanga zenizeni zenizeni pazovuta zilizonse panthawi ya dialysis. Alamu ya acousto-optic imachenjeza ogwira ntchito kuti ayankhe mwamsanga pazovuta zilizonse, kupititsa patsogolo chitetezo cha odwala ndi chithandizo chamankhwala.

Kutengera maziko a W-T2008-B, theW-T6008S hemodiafiltration makinaimawonjezera chowunikira kuthamanga kwa magazi, zosefera za endotoxin, ndi Bi-Cart monga masinthidwe anthawi zonse. Itha kusintha mosavuta pakati pa mitundu ya HDF ndi HD panthawi yamankhwala. Ikani ndi ma dialyzer othamanga kwambiri, omwe amathandizira kuchotsedwa kwa mamolekyu akuluakulu m'magazi, makinawo amathandizira kuti chithandizocho chikhale champhamvu komanso chitonthozo.